Monday, October 10, 2011

On Libertarianism

Against my own better judgement, I'm becoming more and more convinced that libertarianism as a political ethos is not the best way to secure liberty, and is in fact, self-defeating.

Let me start by posing a question. I would describe libertarianism as the mentality that places liberty as the highest civil good, above other concerns like security or prosperity. Agreed? The question is this: is it the highest good because it is practical (i.e. because as an ideal, it works best to make a society work well), or is it simply intrinsically good (i.e. good in itself, regardless of how it "works" in society).

I believe that answer that I'd get from most true believers is: both. It does work best as a guiding principle in a free, capitalistic society. It's also good in itself, as a matter of principle. An even more sensible answer might be, that when it comes to economic concerns, free markets are best for practical reasons. And when it comes to personal liberties, that's more a matter of principle. Others have described this better than I have, but I'm just trying to say that this is the description of libertarian ideals that I subscribe to.

I'm coming to believe that on both counts, libertarianism fails to live up to it's goals.

"Free markets and limited regulation produce the best economic results for society as a whole."

It's all about jobs, jobs, jobs. If there's anything that every single election cycle has taught us, it's that. A "good" economy, in the eyes of the majority, is one where unemployment is low and wages are not just good, but gaining ground. Despite the "socialist" machinations of our Imperial President Obama I, we're coming off of a decade of record low regulation and taxes for the upper class "job creators". According supply-side economics, this should be trickling down in the form of more job opportunities and general economic vitality. Not so. Besides the fact that we're currently in a pretty deep recession, wages really haven't made much progress at all, despite the fact the worker productivity is at an all time high.

https://www.google.com/search?q=productivity+up+wages+down&rls=com.microsoft:en-us&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&startIndex=&startPage=1&rlz=

People are working harder, doing more with less, contributing to overall profitability, yet this boon isn't making it back down in the form of new jobs. The money is traveling up, but not back down. Where is the money going? Well, the money's going to shareholders. Which, from the perspective of a CEO, is entirely correct. The purpose of a corporation is not to employee people; its purpose is to give money back to its shareholders.

It's certainly true that money is being generated, but is that enough to qualify as an improvment to the economy. This has been covered by many liberal politicians, but look at the wealth inequality that's present in the US today.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_inequality_in_the_United_States

"The scope of federal government must be limited, because individual liberty is the highest ideal"
I'm not going to mount a long, futile argument regarding which ideal is the highest or most critical. What I will say is this, the federal government is not the only party capable of limiting individual freedom. The bill of rights only guarantees your rights as far as they relate to the government. The feds certainly have supremacy when it comes to the power to coerce with force, but there are other means of coercion. Those of us who are lucky to be employed right now, probably see ourselves as dependent on that job. There are a number of policies that one must abide by at work, and those aren't necessarily limited to what you do at work.

Consider also the point of wealth inequality, as it relates to personal liberty. The possibility (possibly the reality) is that with a small group of people controlling a large portion of the wealth of our nation, they'll wield an unhealthy amount of influence over the democratic process. The forms of a democratic republic aren't in danger, but without restraint of the upper class we run the risk of a de facto oligarchy.

OK, so what's my point? What am I proposing? That libertarianism is a bad idea? No, it's excellent to keep the focus on liberty. But the modern libertarian movement is too preoccupied with the Feds. Refocus on this: "In the interest of liberty, and the good of society as a whole, power and wealth should be carefully limited among private and public entities. Any large concentration of wealth and coercive power should be broken up into smaller pieces." This isn't a new idea. Around the turn of the century (1900's), the issue of corporate "trusts" was given a lot of attention. Many polititicans took a stand on this, and spoke of the need to break them up. A more recent example is the breakup of the AT&T Bell System in several smaller, more competative companies. It's worth pointing out that since the breakup, many of the "Baby Bells" have reformed themselves into powerhouses, through mergers and acquisitions that were not adequately restrained by the government (AT&T and Verizon being the two biggest examples).

I have no doubt that many would dismiss this out of hand, since it involves government intervention into the private sector. Too bad. If you think that you've got a better ally in wealthy stockholders than you do in your local congressman, you're gravely mistaken.

13 comments:

  1. Another link:

    http://andrewsullivan.thedailybeast.com/2011/10/what-the-one-percent-own.html

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  2. You have interesting points.

    It seems you're saying that we shouldn't let people get hella rich, even if it's earned.

    In principle, I don't think it's a good idea.

    I'm CEO Joe Schmo of STG Widgets. I build my company up, we provide better service and quality than our opponents. We do everything legally etc.

    In a period of time, I'm making as much money as I am legally allowed. My company is maxed out in it's revenue.

    At that point, innovation stops. I think there'd be other trouble as well but I dunno what off the top of my head.

    Another issue, who gets to decide how much money a person is allowed to have? To someone in my financial state, I'd have a hard time understanding why anyone ever needs to make more than 100k a year.

    To a CEO, they might not understand how a human can live on less that 400k.

    And last, with the situation we are currently in, say we could magically change to your approach, do we strip the wealthy of their things?

    I'm just curious how it would work.

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  3. Are you talking principle, or practical?

    I'm not going to claim to have a well thought out policy that I'm trying to advance, but here's a starter.

    Raise the income tax rate for individuals & couples filing jointly who earn over $250k a year. This has been on the table since Obama took office, but is stalled because of GOP opposition. I recently saw that opinion is turning around, though: http://andrewsullivan.thedailybeast.com/2011/10/republicans-for-class-warfare.html

    A couple of other ideas:

    Raise capital gains tax (tax wealth derived from dividends, bonds and stock sales).
    Raise property tax over a certain level.
    Lower corporate payroll taxes.
    Lower sales taxes.

    The idea is to make it difficult to safely hold onto wealth in the long term, make it difficult to stash a billion dollars into safe investments and live off of the growth, but make it easy to spend wealth, not just on personal goods but by reinvesting in your company by hiring on new people.

    And I'm unconvinced by the old line that if you limit someone's income, their incentive to make money, innovate, work hard etc goes out the window. So, deal with that.

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  4. Essentially, I'm against these ideas practically because of what would be required in principle, taking people's stuff from them.


    The existence of a limit will not be a problem for anyone until the reach it. If I knew that I'd get nothing but the cost of inflation raises the rest of my life no matter how awesome I did, I'd have a problem with that.

    I'm not however categorically against limits on personal wealth, but it's touchy.

    I'm ok with it being harder to stash a billion and live off the growth than it is now, I am not in favor of making it near impossible or impossible to do so.

    Whether a person made their own money or it came from Mommy and Daddy, it's still theirs.

    Not to get all wishy washy here, but isn't that really all of our goal? We want our kids to have it better than we do. If I can make enough money so that little Johnny doesn't HAVE to work, and instead can chase his crazy shitty dreams and waste my hard earned money, they I should be able to do so.

    I should also point out I agree whole heartedly with higher taxes on rich folks and tax incentives for hiring. These are smart things and not the evil liberty denying crap the GOP seems to think they are.

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  5. Let me put it to you this way. You say that your dream is to do well enough that you don't have to work anymore, and you can live off the interest etc. You also want your kids to have that opportunity too.

    You justification is that it's your property, so why shouldn't you?

    Here's my question to you: What if we're talking about not your kids, but your great-great-great-grandkids? Do you think it's ok to people, by right of birth, to hold on to wealth INDEFINATELY?

    If principle demands that you say "Yes, it's OK", then how is that very different from a feudal aristocracy? Aristocrats were born aristocrats because of PROPERTY (in their case, land). If your no-talent progeny can maintain dominance by merely maintaining a balance of assets in relatively stable, slow growth investments, without taking much risk - How does that end-product differ from the end product of feudalism (which maintained that order by force of law, rather than economics)?

    The reality in America is that most assets (valuable property) are owned by a small minority, the top 10%. A sizable minority (30% of assets) is owned by the tippy-top, 1%.

    IF we must be faithful to the principle of property rights, and damn the consequences, then we'll have to accept that capitalism will gradually evolve into de facto aristocracy/oligarchy over time, because the big fish will eat the smaller fish, and total assets will eventually be owned by a smaller and smaller group of people.

    This sounds very apocalyptic, but the time to do something about this would be now (now-ish) rather tha later. The wealthy have a lot of influence in funding political campaigns, but less direct influence. Politicians are still somewhat afraid of populist forces. That may not last forever.

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  6. Yeah....but I dunno man. I understand your point, and you may be right.

    But I don't think we're streaming toward a point wherein people cannot rise and fall in their status.

    I've heard that one percent stat my whole life and I've seen things from the 70s and so that seem to reference it too.

    It might not be a great system, but it's not unstable I don't think.

    I do believe in long term family ownership of property, so long as they can hold it I guess.

    I'll have to think about this some more.

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  7. "But I don't think we're streaming toward a point wherein people cannot rise and fall in their status."

    I'll admit that I'm slipping a little to close to hysteria in my rhetoric. It's a problem, but it's not the end of the world.

    I've been wondering what the trend is over time, to either validate or invalidate my concerns. Statistics are kind of scant, but I did find a report that charted the distribution of wealth since 1983.

    It's been steadily trending upwards for the last quarter century, but it's been fairly slow and steady.

    I'd like to know more, maybe see it charted over the last 100 years, but no luck so far. I found another (less reputible source) that claimed that the top 1% in the U.K. circa 1916 owned 70% of the wealth, and by 2004 it was down to 23%. That may be true.

    My primary point is that we can't trust principles (libertarian or otherwise) to guide our system to any particular end. Rights guaranteed by government (including the right to own property) are an obligation which may have unintended consequences. If the goal of our Constitution - and the government and system of laws built around it - is to ensure the freedom of it's citizens, and we end up with an economic oligarchy because we can't trample on the right of property ownership - then something has gone wrong. That's a design flaw.

    As a secondary point (which, for the record, I didn't volunteer, you asked) I'm saying that taxes should be a way of keeping money from sitting still in one party's hands for too long. Once a vast pile of money sits still for too long, it stops being a means to purchase goods and services, and starts being a means to power and influence.

    I agree with you that it shouldn't be impossible to maintain wealth. If a person (and his next of kin, etc, down the line) are clever enough to take risks, innovate, build companies - and acheive, then they should be entitled to keep it. But it should be difficult to maintain a fortune by simply sticking it in a trust. Ability should entitle a person to wealth. Wealth should not entitle a person to wealth.

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  8. I forgot to post link: http://sociology.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power/wealth.html

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  9. I'm really not sure it is appropriate to equate the lower and middle class struggle to offer a better life to their children with that of what the upper class does.

    Both the lower and middle classes understand (or at least they should) that they can only provide their children with so many advantages. Eventually the kids will have to exert their own effort in order to maintain their status.

    They will have to work. They know this. Their parents know this. The children will eventually have to prove their merit or lose their status.

    What effort does a child born into wealth have to exert? Come tumbling out of the right womb without being miscarried or aborted? Excellent job! This person deserves to be a millionaire!

    These kids do not deserve to inherit the world just because they were lucky enough to be born into a rich family.

    Now, should we strip them of all their inheritance? No, I really don't think so. I believe we need to find a balance between property rights and the preservation of democratic values. Sure, let the kids have some of the money, but they certainly don't need (and have done absolutely nothing to deserve) to keep it all.

    I'm thinking of a quote. I don't remember who said it, nor do I remember the exact wording. "America would be entirely socialist if the average citizen didn't think he could be rich."

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  10. "Socialism never took root in America because the poor see themselves not as an exploited proletariat,but as temporarily embarrassed millionaires."

    Yeah, totally butchered that quote. It is attributed to John Steinbeck.

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  11. Now I am become death, the destroyer of worlds. When I enter a conversation it immediately dies.

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